Many of the materials and everyday items in our homes contain hidden chemicals that can affect our indoor air quality and overall wellbeing. That’s why choosing safer, non-toxic alternatives is so important. We’re here to help you understand Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and the risks they pose, as these chemicals are more common in our homes than we might think. Here’s a helpful guide to what you need to know.

What are PFAS?

Commonly known as ‘forever chemicals’, PFAS are synthetic compounds that are prized for their water- and grease-resistant properties and are found in a wide range of everyday products like non-stick cookware, food storage items, carpets and cosmetics. Their persistence in the environment and human body makes them difficult to eliminate, raising serious concerns about their long-term effects on health and ecosystems.

PFAS have been linked to an increased risk of cancers, such as kidney and testicular cancer, as well as hormonal disruption, particularly affecting thyroid function. Additionally, PFAS can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and reducing the effectiveness of vaccines. These compounds have also been associated with liver damage, developmental issues in children and elevated cholesterol levels.

How can you reduce the risk of PFAS in your home?

• Check labels: Avoid products labeled as stain- or water-resistant, such as carpets, furniture and outdoor gear, as these often contain PFAS. Instead, choose untreated options and use natural methods for stain protection and maintenance.

• Avoid non-stick cookware: Opt for stainless steel or cast iron pans instead of non-stick cookware, and wooden cooking utensils, avoiding plastic ones which often contain PFAS. These traditional options are durable, safe and free from harmful chemicals.

• Consider food storage items: Avoid plastic containers which may contain PFAS. Instead, use glass, stainless steel or silicone containers for storing food.

• Avoid packaged food: Limit consumption of fast food or packaged food, as PFAS can be present in food packaging materials. Preparing fresh meals at home reduces exposure and supports a healthier, more nutritious diet.

• Filter drinking water: Use a water filtration system designed to remove PFAS, such as reverse osmosis or activated carbon filters.

• Choose natural fibers: Opt for textiles made from natural fibers like organic cotton, wool or linen instead of synthetics treated with PFAS. Natural fibers are not only safer but also more sustainable in the long run.

• Replace old stain-resistant carpets and upholstery: If you have older carpets or furniture treated with stain-resistant chemicals, consider replacing them with untreated, PFAS-free alternatives.

• Choose PFAS-free personal care products: Many cosmetics, lotions, and shampoos can contain PFAS. Look for products labeled as PFAS-free or opt for natural, organic personal care items that are free from harmful chemicals.

Can you test for PFAS within the home?

The most common way to test for PFAS is through water testing. You can either hire a professional service to test your tap water or purchase at-home testing kits designed to detect PFAS levels. Specialized labs offer services to test for PFAS in indoor air and dust, though this process is more complex and often requires sending samples to a lab for analysis.

Photography: Nadianb/Adobe