In the early 20th century, Maria Montessori revolutionized early childhood education with her child-centered approach, emphasizing the importance of environments tailored to children’s needs. Her innovative designs for child-sized furniture and learning materials fostered independence and creativity, setting a standard for functional, developmentally appropriate design. This legacy continues to influence modern children's furniture and educational tools, integrating principles of play, safety and ergonomics.

Design for children matters because it significantly impacts their physical health, social and emotional development as well as their overall wellbeing. It can also impact their lives as adults; as Charles Eames famously said, “toys and games are the preludes to serious ideas.” Thoughtfully designed furniture, toys and environments can enhance safety, promote healthy growth and encourage learning and creativity. Well-designed spaces and items support children’s cognitive and motor skills development, fostering independence and confidence. Ultimately, design for children shapes their everyday experiences, contributing to their happiness and helping them thrive in a nurturing environment.

It wasn’t until the late 19th century that the idea of childhood as a distinct and separate stage of life became the norm and there was a focus on addressing children’s specific needs through design. Early designs were well crafted and utilized natural materials such as wood and metal. By the mid-20th century, advancements in plastic manufacturing transformed toy design. Toys became more colorful, lightweight and cheaper to produce.

In the 21st century, children’s design continues to evolve with innovations in technology and a growing emphasis on sustainability. Designs now integrate educational elements, digital interfaces and sustainable materials, addressing contemporary concerns about child development and environmental impact. Modern children’s toys are often designed to be open-ended, allowing children to explore different scenarios and solutions independently. This play promotes cognitive development, problem-solving skills and emotional resilience as children navigate various challenges and role-playing situations. Play helps children develop language skills, creativity and social interaction abilities.

In modern children’s design, the use of healthy materials is increasingly important. Central to this approach is the avoidance of toxic substances such as formaldehyde, phthalates and lead, which can pose significant health risks to children. Instead, opt for natural, untreated woods that are sustainably sourced, ensuring they are free from harmful chemicals and stains that could be ingested or inhaled during play. Organic fabrics like cotton, hemp and wool are favored for their hypoallergenic properties and lack of synthetic dyes or finishes, reducing the risk of skin irritation or respiratory issues. Non-toxic paints and natural finishes further contribute to healthier environments by minimizing the emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) into the air, crucial for maintaining indoor air quality in homes and childcare settings.

Innovation in children's design often mirrors broader industry shifts and, at times, has even pioneered new directions. In recent years, sustainability has become a prominent trend in children’s design, reflecting broader concerns about environmental impact and ethical consumption. However, the vast majority of toys are still made from cheap plastic and have a short lifespan. They frequently follow short-term trends and are poorly crafted, meaning they end up as landfill, contributing to environmental pollution. Creativity in healthy and sustainable design for children is still in need of revitalization. While recyclability remains a key aspect, the emphasis must also be on using non-toxic, sustainable materials. Moreover, designing products that evolve with the family and maintain their usefulness over time is essential. This approach not only supports sustainability but also ensures that children’s furniture and toys continue to meet their developmental needs as they grow. By prioritizing these principles, the design industry can foster healthier, more adaptable environments for children to flourish.

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Feature Image: Carl Hansen & Søn

Photography: Milton & Goose, Maileg, Kalon Studios, ecoBirdy, Rasmus Stampe Schou, Stokke, Miriam Lena, Olli Ella, Dor Carmon, Flensted Mobiles, Steiff, Oeuf, Odin Parker