You may not be able to see them but you’re likely breathing them in. Volatile Organic Compounds, or VOCs, are gases released from certain solids or liquids. They’re found in everything from paint and flooring adhesives to furniture finishes and cleaning products. Once indoors, they linger, accumulate and circulate through the air we breathe, often for months or even years after a product has been brought home.
Some VOCs, like formaldehyde, benzene and toluene, have been linked to headaches, fatigue, respiratory irritation and hormone disruption, especially in young children and those with asthma or chemical sensitivities. VOCs are one of the leading contributors to indoor air pollution, an invisible issue that can quietly affect everything from sleep and focus to skin and lung health. The good news is that VOC exposure can be significantly reduced.
Here’s where to begin:
1. Understand Where VOCs Come From
VOCs are emitted from a wide range of household items, many of which we don’t immediately associate with air quality. Common culprits include paint, varnishes, pressed-wood furniture, carpeting, vinyl flooring, air fresheners, dry-cleaned fabrics and conventional cleaning supplies. If something has a new or chemical smell, it’s likely off-gassing VOCs. Soft furnishings and composite woods are especially worth scrutinizing, as they can release gases long after the initial smell fades.
2. Look for Low- or No-VOC Alternatives
When possible, choose products that are clearly labeled as low-VOC, zero-VOC, or VOC-free, but don’t stop there. Look for third-party certifications that verify emission levels, such as Greenguard and MADE SAFE. For paints and finishes, opt for mineral or water-based formulas without added solvents. For furniture and building materials, avoid synthetic resins and choose solid wood, natural fibers, and untreated surfaces where possible. When bringing new items into your home, try to let them off-gas outdoors or in a well-ventilated space before bringing them in.
3. Ventilate and Refresh Your Space Regularly
Reducing VOCs isn’t just about what you bring in, it’s also about how you maintain your space. Open windows regularly to create cross-ventilation, especially when using products like paint, adhesives or cleaning sprays. Use exhaust fans in kitchens and bathrooms, and consider investing in a high-quality air purifier with activated carbon and HEPA filters to help absorb both particles and gases. Regular vacuuming with a HEPA filter and damp dusting can also help reduce VOC-laden dust from building up on surfaces.
How to Reduce VOCs in Your Home:
One of the most immediate and meaningful ways to create a healthier indoor environment is through lowering VOC emissions. It doesn’t require a renovation, just a shift in awareness. When we understand what’s in our air, we can begin to shape our homes in a way that supports long-term wellbeing. Here are a few simple ways:
- Let new items off-gas before use: Unbox and air out new mattresses, rugs or furniture in a garage or covered outdoor area for 24–72 hours.
- Ventilate regularly: Open windows, use exhaust fans and consider an air purifier with a carbon filter to help capture gases.
- Choose low- or zero-VOC paint: Opt for mineral paints and ventilate well when painting.
- Seek out solid wood or certified furniture: Avoid particleboard and MDF and look for Greenguard-certified pieces.
- Bring in a few houseplants: While not a standalone solution, plants like peace lilies, spider plants and snake plants can help support indoor air quality.
- Avoid synthetic air fresheners: Fragrance sprays, plug-ins and scented candles often emit VOCs; try simmering herbs or citrus peel instead.
- Swap out conventional cleaners: Use fragrance-free, plant-based products or make your own with vinegar, baking soda and lemon.
You don’t need to see the change to feel it. A healthier home begins with the air you breathe.
Photography: courtesy of Nordic Knots
