Walls are the largest surface area in most homes, but they’re often the last thing we think about when it comes to health. The color of our walls and ceilings can influence how we feel, but the type of paint we use matters just as much as the shade. Conventional paints are typically made with petrochemicals, synthetic dyes and solvents that release Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), polluting the air we breathe long after the paint has dried. On average, they’re also made up of around 37 percent plastic, which is a source of microplastics in our homes.
Studies have shown that poor paint choices can contribute to headaches, respiratory issues, skin sensitivities and even hormonal disruption – especially in children, whose systems are still developing. Whether you're decorating a new space or refreshing a room, switching to safer paints is one of the most impactful changes you can make for your home and your wellbeing. Here’s how.
1. Choose Zero- or Low-VOC Paints
Paint is one of the biggest contributors to indoor air pollution. VOCs are released as paint dries and off-gas into your home for months – or even years. Look for low-VOC or zero-VOC paints, which significantly reduce this toxic load. Mineral paints are the ideal choice, but water-based formulas are generally safer than oil-based alternatives, which are highly regulated due to high VOCs and the challenges involved in their disposal. Finally, third-party certifications like Greenguard Gold and Cradle to Cradle can offer peace of mind.
2. Skip the Synthetic Scents and Additives
Even so-called ‘eco’ paints may contain biocides, microplastics or synthetic fragrances that aren't listed on the label. These can cause low-level irritation and contribute to indoor air quality issues. Aim for truly natural, silicate or mineral paints when possible – like limewash, clay or casein products – which are free from plastics and let your walls breathe. These finishes also develop a soft, textural patina that adds depth without compromising on health.
3. Plan for Preparation and Ventilation
Even low-toxin paints require mindful application. Before painting, prepare surfaces with non-toxic primers where appropriate and as directed, and fill any gaps or cracks with low-emission sealants. Open windows for airflow and use fans to help clear the air during and after painting. If you’re doing a large area, consider sleeping elsewhere for a day or two, especially in nurseries or bedrooms. Raj Singh, MD, FACP, and primary care physician recommends, “to wait about 72 hours before sleeping in a freshly painted room.”
Our walls surround us every day. They hold the colors that shape our mood, affect the air that fills our lungs, and are the surfaces we move between daily. When we start to prioritize what goes on them – not just aesthetically but chemically – we begin to shift the health of the entire home. Choosing safer paint isn’t about perfection. It’s about creating a space that supports you quietly, day after day, breath after breath.
Photography: Elya Vatel/Adobe
